Phulkari
Phulkari, meaning "flower work", is a vibrant embroidery tradition from Punjab. Women create stunning geometric and floral patterns using bright-coloured silk threads on coarse cotton fabric (khaddar), working from the reverse side of the cloth.
History & Origin
Phulkari has been an integral part of Punjabi culture for over 500 years, with references found in the Guru Granth Sahib and Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah. Traditionally, a grandmother would begin embroidering a Phulkari at the birth of a granddaughter, completing it by her wedding day. The craft nearly died out during the Partition of 1947 but has been revived through government and NGO efforts.
Cultural Significance
Phulkari is deeply woven into Punjabi identity and rites of passage. Different types are used for different occasions — "Bagh" (the entire fabric covered in embroidery) for weddings, "Chope" (given by grandmother) for the bride, "Suber" for the groom's mother. The vibrant colours symbolize celebration, fertility, and the joy of Punjab.
Materials Used
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is Phulkari embroidery?
Phulkari (meaning "flower work") is a traditional Punjabi embroidery technique where artisans create vibrant geometric and floral patterns using colourful silk threads on coarse cotton fabric. Uniquely, the embroidery is done from the reverse side of the fabric using a darn stitch, with the design visible on the front.
What is the difference between Phulkari and Bagh?
Phulkari has embroidery scattered across the fabric with some base cloth visible, while Bagh is a more elaborate version where the entire fabric surface is covered with dense embroidery, leaving no base cloth visible. Bagh is traditionally reserved for special occasions like weddings and takes much longer to complete.
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